Procedures · Pelvis

Sacroiliac joint surgery

The sacroiliac joints sit where the base of the spine meets the pelvis, one on each side. They are not part of the spinal column, they are not usefully assessed on a lumbar MRI, and the diagnosis is made by numbing the joint rather than by scanning it — which is why the pathway below has a test in the middle of it.

The pathway

Diagnosis, then a block, then — sometimes — a fusion

Each step has to pass before the next one is on the table. Most people stop at the second.

Step 01

The examination

A cluster of provocative tests that stress the joint in different directions. Three or more positive is what makes the joint a real suspect — one is not enough, because any single test also stresses the hip and the lower lumbar levels.

Step 02

The diagnostic block

Anaesthetic placed into the joint under image guidance. Temporary relief is the diagnosis — it is the only way to prove the pain is coming from this joint and not from the spine above it. Most insurers require it before authorising anything further.

Step 03

Minimally invasive fusion

Implants placed across the joint through a small incision on the side of the hip, under navigation. Considered only after the block has confirmed the joint and after non-operative care has been given a fair run.

The operation

Minimally invasive SI joint fusion

What it treats
Sacroiliac joint pain that has been confirmed by a diagnostic block, from degeneration of the joint (sacroiliitis), from disruption after an injury, or arising after a lumbar fusion that ends at the sacrum.
How it works
The joint is not replaced or realigned. Implants are passed across it from the outside of the pelvis into the sacrum so the two bones stop moving against each other, and bone grows across the interface over the following months. It is a fusion, so the joint is deliberately given up.
How it is done
Through an incision of a few centimetres on the side of the hip, with the patient on their side, guided by fluoroscopy or by CT-based navigation. Usually a day case or one night.
Recovery
Weight is usually limited on that side for the first few weeks while the bone starts to take, then built back up. General literature ranges put a return to desk work at around two to four weeks and heavier work considerably later.
Who it is not for
Anyone whose block did not help, which is the most important line here. Also pain that is coming from the hip, and inflammatory disease of the joint, which is a rheumatology problem and is treated medically.

Recovery figures are general ranges from the surgical literature, not a guarantee for any individual case. What applies to you depends on your imaging, your other medical conditions and how the operation goes.

What it treats

What sacroiliac joint pain is

Sacroiliac joint pain

Sacroiliitis, or disruption after an injury

Pain low down and off to one side, often pointed to with one finger just inside the dimple above the buttock. It can run into the groin or down the back of the thigh, and it is usually worse getting out of a car, rolling over in bed, or standing on one leg to put trousers on. It is easy to mistake for the lumbar spine and frequently is — and it is common after a lumbar fusion that ends at the sacrum, because the load the fused levels used to share now arrives at the joint below them.

If the block did not help, the fusion will not either

That sounds obvious written down and it is the single thing most often skipped. The joint is small, deep and awkward to examine, and several conditions refer pain to exactly the same patch of skin. The block is what separates them, and a negative block is a useful result rather than a failed one — it sends the search back to the lumbar spine or to the hip with a suspect ruled out.